FOURTH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES: The History of the United States: Colonization to Reconstruction

Course Description: Fourth grade students will learn about the early development of democratic institutions, including the ideas and events that led to the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, the American Revolution, and the formation of a national government under the Constitution. Students will continue their studies with the development and growth of the United States through Manifest Destiny and the division of our country. Finally, students will explore the causes and effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will utilize primary source documents, geographic tools, analysis, and critical thinking within this concentrated study of early U.S. history. 

This course can be used for compliance with T.C.A. § 49-6-1028, in which all districts must ensure that a project-based civics assessment is given at least once in grades 4–8 and once in grades 9–12. 

Demographic Information

Are you a current Tennessee resident?Mandatory field

The War for Independence (1700s-1780s)

4.01: Analyze the impact of conflicts between colonists and American Indian nations brought on by the intrusions of colonization.


4.02: Describe the contributions of Benjamin Franklin during this era, including the development of the Albany Plan of Union and the “Join or Die” political cartoon.


4.03: Analyze the causes and consequences of the French and Indian War, and recognize Fort Loudoun’s role in it.


4.04: Evaluate how political and economic ideas and interests brought about the American Revolution, including: • Resistance to imperial policy (Proclamation of 1763) • The Stamp Act, 1765 • The Townshend Acts, 1767 • Tea Act, 1773 • “Taxation without Representation” • Intolerable/Coercive Acts, 1774 • The role of Patrick Henry


4.05: Explain the different forms of protests colonists used to promote change in British policies, including: the Boston Tea Party, tarring and feathering, letter writing, and boycotts.


4.06: Determine the historical and present-day significance of the Declaration of Independence, including the roles of Thomas Jefferson and John Hancock. (T.C.A. § 49-6-1028)


4.07: Contrast how the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence clashed with treatment of different groups including: women, slaves, and American Indians.


4.08: Determine the importance of the following groups to the American Revolution: • Loyalists (Tories) • Minutemen • Patriots • Redcoats • Sons of Liberty


4.09: Examine major events and battles of the American Revolution, including: • Midnight Ride of Paul Revere • Battles of Lexington and Concord • Battle of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill • Battle of Saratoga • Valley Forge • Battle of Yorktown


4.10: Evaluate the contributions made by women during the American Revolution, including: • Abigail Adams • Betsy Ross • Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher) • Phillis Wheatley


Creating a New Government (1781-1789)

4.11: Identify the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, including: no power to tax, weak central government, and the impact of Shays’ Rebellion.


4.12: Identify the roles of James Madison and George Washington during the Constitutional Convention, and analyze the major issues debated, including (T.C.A. § 49-6-1028): • Distribution of power between the states and federal government • Great Compromise • Slavery and the Three-Fifths Compromise


4.13: Describe the conflict between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratification of the Constitution, including the need for a Bill of Rights. (T.C.A. § 49-6-1028)


4.14: Describe the principles embedded in the Constitution, including (T.C.A. § 49-6-1028): • Purposes of government (listed in the Preamble) • Separation of powers • Branches of government • Checks and balances • Recognition and protection of individual rights (in the 1st Amendment)


Building the New Nation (1790-1830)

4.15: Examine the legacy and significance of the presidency of George Washington, including: the creation of cabinet member positions, two-party split, and the push for a strong central government.


4.16: Map the exploration of the Louisiana Territory, and describe the events, struggles, and successes of the purchase, including the significance of: Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Sacagawea.


4.17: Identify major causes, events, and key people of the War of 1812, including: • Trade restrictions • Impressment • Battle of New Orleans • Burning of Washington, D.C. • Francis Scott Key • Andrew Jackson


4.18: Analyze the impact of Andrew Jackson’s presidency, including: the Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears, and preservation of the union.


The Growth of the Republic (1800s-1850)

4.19: Contrast regional differences in the early 19th century, including: the emerging urbanization in the North, the expansion of the plantation system in the South, and the developing West.


4.20: Analyze the impact of the American Industrial Revolution, including the significance of: • Watermills (influence of geography) • Robert Fulton (steamboats) • Samuel Slater (factory system) • Eli Whitney (cotton gin)


4.21: Compare and contrast the characteristics of slave life in plantations, cities, and other farms.


4.22: Describe the experiences of settlers on the overland trails to the West, including the purpose of the journeys and influence of geography.


4.23: Examine the impact of President James K. Polk’s view of Manifest Destiny on westward expansion.


4.24: Explain the significance of the California Gold Rush on westward expansion.


The United States Prior the Civil War (1820s-1861)

4.25: Analyze the sectional differences between the North and the South, including: • Economic • Political • Population • Social • Transportation


4.26: Identify abolitionist leaders and their approaches to ending slavery, including: • Frederick Douglass • Sojourner Truth • William Lloyd Garrison • Harriet Tubman


4.27: Explain how slavery became a national issue during the mid-19th century, including the significance of: • Missouri Compromise • Compromise of 1850 • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Dred Scott v. Sandford decision • John Brown’s Raid (on Harper’s Ferry)


4.28: Compare and contrast the various sectional stances on states’ rights and slavery represented by the presidential candidates in the election of 1860, including Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas.


4.29: Evaluate the significance of the Battle of Fort Sumter and the impact it had on secession.


The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1870s)

4.30: Explain the efforts of both the Union and the Confederacy to secure the border states for their causes.


4.31: Explain how the Union’s Anaconda Plan used geographic features to isolate and defeat regions of the south and the Confederacy as a whole.


4.32: Describe the roles of major leaders during the Civil War, including: • Jefferson Davis • Ulysses S. Grant • Robert E. Lee • President Abraham Lincoln


4.33: Evaluate the significant contributions made by women during the Civil War, including Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix.


4.34: Examine the significance and outcomes of key battles of the Civil War, including: • First Battle of Bull Run • Battle of Shiloh • Battle of Antietam • Battle of Gettysburg


4.35: Explain the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation, and identify its impact on the country.


4.36: Describe the significance of the Gettysburg Address.


4.37: Describe the physical, social, political, and economic consequences of the Civil War on the southern U.S. after the surrender at Appomattox Court House.


4.38: Describe the impact President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination had on the nation.


4.39: Identify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments as efforts to help former slaves begin a new life.


4.40: Compare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of President Abraham Lincoln, President Andrew Johnson, and Congress.


4.41: Examine the significance of the Compromise of 1877 on the U.S.


Additional Standards